Essay --

1) Identify synthesis methods that are used to pull the nanomaterials for your application (1 pitchfork synthesis method per team member). Briefly describe how each synthesis method works, and classify each as top-down or bottom-up. For drug bringing, legion(predicate) processes exist that incorporate nanotechnology. A very common procedure for promoting drug delivery, is through the use of nanoparticles. This allows for a controlled drug release. By using nanoparticle technology, drugs dope be placed inside a vehicle which helps decrease the rate at which said drug will metabolize. Targeted drug delivery is as well as possible, due to ad hoc nanoparticles releasing the drug once it reaches its destination. This reduces total drugs needed as well as the side effects, due to a more efficient transporting mechanism. Lowering the be is another benefit as well. Anything smaller than 100 nm is considered a nanoparticle. Four common nanoparticles used are silica (SiO2), gold (Au) , magnetite (Fe3O4), and quantum dots. silicon dioxide nanoparticles are very inert so they can be used with very reactive drugs. Due to the nature of the shape, size, and arrangement of these nanoparticles, they can bypass the reticuloendothelial system (reticuloendothelial system). The drugs will then not be recognized as foreign and can thus be delivered to their target with minimal issue. Silica nanoparticles can also be mesoporous, which has pore sizes of 2-50 nm.2They can have a unique arrangement with a core shell architecture which allows a nanoparticle to have two assorted properties due to the different materials. Due to these pores, drug loading ability can be customized. Another trendy nanoparticle is gold. They are used due to their special depiction thermal effect one can send in light a... ...um. Nanosphere lithography is the second best because it is used when polymers cannot be accessed. Metals are made as spheres simply shapes are limited by the watch cryst al group chosen as the glass substrate material. Sol-gel has tons of potential but it can only make hydrophobic materials. Microfluidization is easily the worst because it is way too expensive for such low yield. Research is being done to optimize this. All of these drug delivery synthesis methods can be performed fairly quickly and are currently being used commercially, with various levels of popularity. Radical polymerization also has the largest range of crystal properties possibilities, being able to be hydrophilic or hydrophobic. This is very unique, especially when considering it being used as a drug vehicle. Being hydrophilic can allow hydrophobic drugs to enter the body for extended amounts of time.

Critique of The Day After Tomorrow Essay -- Movie Film Review Global W

Critique of The Day After Tomorrow The movie, The Day After Tomorrow, addresses the bit of international warming. The movie?s portrayal of the events caused by global warming was extreme and not very believable. Some of the information is backed up by science but most is completely off the argue and nonrealistic. The movie cited the cause of the global climate change to be the rise in temperature due to greenhouse gasses. The warmer temperatures caused the polar ice caps to melt, and the increased make sense of freshwater in the ocean break the North Atlantic present-day(prenominal). The North Atlantic Current is what is responsible for the warm temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere. With the current disrupted the Northern Hemisphere went into an ice age. In real life, the polar ice caps are melting, but at a rate not even sloshed to that of the one represented in the movie. Even if the ice was melting at a quicker rate, the chance that it would throw off the North Atlantic Current is slim to none. Also, there is no way that the ice would melt so quickly that a change that drastic would be made. Another major issue I had with the movie was its temperature inconsistencies. In the movie, scientists warned people about going outside. They say that if one was to go outside that they would freeze to death. The movie also showed a blurry mammoth which froze to death immediately at the time of the first ice age. These examples were placed in the movie to highlight the ext...

The Trebuchet Essay examples -- medieval siege machine

Used by castle commanders during times of peace to hurl roses to ladies during tournaments, trebuckets proved a deadly weapon in the field of antediluvian patriarch warfare. Flinging a wide variety of objects hundreds of yards, the trebuchet became the weapon of choice for laying siege to a castle. Its incredible range could often place it beyond the in effect(p) defense range of the castle archers, thereby permitting the besiegers to destroy the defenders walls with little interference. During extended sieges, trebuchets were often used to hurl large quantities of dung, dead animals, and other such items to come along disease throughout the besieged city.Trebuchets earned a reputation for being much more accurate and precise than their onager and catapult counterparts. Not moreover was this accuracy a benefit, but being based on rotational motion and leverage rather than torsion (spring power) and lacking in a throwing artillery stop, the trebuchet proved a much safer alterna tive for the personnel operating it. Onagers and Mangonels would literally explode on occasion when the torsion proved too owing(p) or a crack developed in the throwing arm due to the rapid stops it experienced.All in all, the Trebuchet was a fearsome weapon of mass destruction during the Middle Ages, a force to be reckoned with. Trebuchets only lost favor when cannons emerged, and the primary benefit of the cannon that the trebuchet lacked was not in fact power, but rather mobility. Smaller, more maneuverable cannons rapidly overran the position of the trebuchet in most armies across the world.Warwolf, the legendary trebuchet built by the English Army to destroy Castle Urquhart, which was located in the Highlands of Scotland, on the shores of the also infamous Loch Ness. Par... ...elease and a more horizontal trajectory, with higher velocity.In an act to better understand the components of the trebuchet and to permit the viewer a better idea of the manner in which the firing of a trebuchet occurs, a trebuchet constructed entirely of K-nex was built this past week. The counterweight consisted of 5000 steel bbs wrapped in plastic and duct tape, while the sling itself was made of duct tape and twine. The remaineder of the trebuchet, including the throwing arm, were constructed stringently from K-nex.Standing some 3 feet tall, this trebuchet could repeatedly launch a 2-3oz object in excess of 20 feet.Lengthening the sling proved valuable, change magnitude velocity and range considerably. However, a point was reached at which the sling length could be said to be optimized, and lengthening it further only created unpredictable emerge angles.

Overpopulation Essay -- Earth´s Population

There are 6 billion human beings on the face of the Earth. According to our best estimates, in that respect are somewhere between three and seven times more people than this planet can possibly maintain over a broad period of time. Non-renewable resources are being used at an incredible rate, and we are destroying the capability of the planetary ecosystem to renew the supply of renewable resources. The worse however is soon enough to come. We need to realize the necessity of a population plan which will make our future more optimistic. This plan must be based on the fact that the control of the rapid population growth is necessary globally otherwise, earths environment will be put into greater danger, the overuse of natural resources will continue and poverty will rise in most of the worlds countries.Rapid population growth is a spacious threat to the environment. We consumematerials and energy from earth and then return heat and excesss to earth, but the environment can only handle so much waste before serious effects on humans are seen. As human numbers increase, deterioration of water quality and destructionof animal and base communities increase too. The serious effects of populationgrowth apply even on the protected locations of this planet. Rapid expansion ofhuman numbers also causes overexploitation of natural resources and providespressure on food supplies. As a result it will not be long until we observe aremarkable rectify in our living standards. Land, forest and wa...

Religion and the Igbo People :: Essays Papers

Religion and the Igbo PeopleThe Igbo are a profoundly religious people who believe in a benevolent creator, unremarkably known as Chukwu, who created the visible universe (uwa). Opposing this force for good is agbara, meaning spirit or supernatural being. In some situations people are referred to as agbara in describing an almost impossible feat performed by them. In a common phrase the igbo people will say Bekee wu agbara. This means the white man is spirit. This is usu eithery in amazement at the scientific inventions of the white man. Apart from the natural level of the universe, they also believe that it exists on another level, that of the spiritual forces, the alusi. The alusi are nonaged deities, and are forces for blessing or destruction, depending on circumstances. They punish social offences and those who unwittingly infringe their privileges. The role of the diviner is to interpret the wishes of the alusi, and the role of the priest is to placate them with sacrifices. e ach a priest is chosen through hereditary lineage or he is chosen by a particular god for his service, usually subsequently passing through a number of mystical experiences. Each person also has a personalised providence, which comes from Chukwu, and returns to him at the time of death, a chi. This chi may be good or bad.There is a strong Igbo belief that the spirits of ones ancestors keep a constant watch over you. The living press out appreciation for the dead and pray to them for future well being. It is against tribal law to speak badly of a spirit. Those ancestors who lived well, died in socially approved ways, and were given make up inhumation rites, live in one of the worlds of the dead, which mirror the worlds of the living. They are periodically reincarnated among the living and are given the name ndichie the returners. Those who died bad deaths and lack correct burial rites cannot return to the world of the living, or enter that of the dead. They wander homeless, exp ressing their grief by causing harm among the living.The funeral ceremonies and burials of the Igbo people are extremely complex, the most elaborate of all being the funeral of a chief. However, there are several kinds of deaths that are considered shameful, and in these circumstances no burial is provided at all. Women who die in labour, children who die forwards they have no teeth, those who commit suicide and those who die in the sacred month for these people their funeral ceremony consists of being thrown into a bush.

Religion and the Igbo People :: Essays Papers

Religion and the Igbo PeopleThe Igbo are a profoundly religious great deal who believe in a benevolent creator, usually known as Chukwu, who created the visible universe (uwa). Opposing this force for good is agbara, meaning spirit or supernatural being. In some situations people are referred to as agbara in describing an almost impossible feat performed by them. In a common diction the igbo people will say Bekee wu agbara. This means the white man is spirit. This is usually in amazement at the scientific inventions of the white man. Apart from the natural train of the universe, they withal believe that it exists on another level, that of the spiritual forces, the alusi. The alusi are minor deities, and are forces for blessing or destruction, depending on sight. They punish social offences and those who unwittingly infringe their privileges. The role of the diviner is to interpret the wishes of the alusi, and the role of the priest is to placate them with sacrifices. Either a pr iest is chosen through hereditary lineage or he is chosen by a particular god for his service, usually after passing through a number of mystical experiences. Each person also has a personalised providence, which comes from Chukwu, and returns to him at the time of death, a chi. This chi may be good or bad.There is a strong Igbo belief that the pot likker of ones ancestors keep a constant watch over you. The livelihood show appreciation for the dead and pray to them for future well being. It is against tribal law to turn to badly of a spirit. Those ancestors who lived well, died in socially approved ways, and were given correct burial rites, live in one of the worlds of the dead, which mirror the worlds of the living. They are periodically reincarnated among the living and are given the name ndichie the returners. Those who died bad deaths and lack correct burial rites cannot return to the world of the living, or enter that of the dead. They wander homeless, expressing their gri ef by causation harm among the living.The funeral ceremonies and burials of the Igbo people are extremely complex, the most elaborate of all being the funeral of a chief. However, there are several kinds of deaths that are considered shameful, and in these circumstances no burial is provided at all. Women who die in labour, children who die before they have no teeth, those who commit suicide and those who die in the sacred month for these people their funeral ceremony consists of being thrown into a bush.

Rdr Experiment No. 9 Integrated Concepts of Equilibrium

Experiment No. 9 INTEGRATED CONCEPTS OF EQUILIBRIUM RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A system in equaliser ignore be affected by the addition of another reagent leading to a change in chemical equation with a new equilibrium constant. An overall reaction is the sum of dickens or more reaction misuses with different equilibrium constants. The overall equilibrium constant, Koverall, is the product of the equilibrium constants of the individual reaction step. If a reaction step is reversed, the equilibrium constant is set into its reciprocal.If a reaction step is multiplied by a common coefficient n, the new equilibrium constant is raised to the nth. The initial part of the experiment dealt with the equilibrium reaction Cu(OH)2(s) ? Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq). 0. 10 M Cu(NO3)2 and 0. 10 M NaOH were reacted together in seven test tubes to form the solid Cu(OH)2, a inexorable precipitate. Distilled water was added to the first test tube. This served as the control. When 6. 0 M H2C2O4 was added to th e second test tube, the precipitate turned cloudy glooming. The new equilibrium can be attributed to the formation of the solid CuC2H4 which is cloudy blue in color, and the ionization of H2C2O4.The addition of Zn dust in the third test tube resulted into a gray-brown precipitate. The mechanisms in this reaction are the dissociation of Cu(OH)2(s), redox of Cu2+ and Zn, and precipitation of Zn(OH)2, leading to an overall reaction of Cu(OH)2(s) + Zn(s) ? Zn(OH)2(s) + Cu(s). When 6. 0 M HNO3 was added to the fourth test tube, the precipitate disappeared. The H+ ions from the complete dissociation of HNO3 neutralize the OH- ions. This results to the shifting of the system to the right. The addition of 6. 0 M NH3 in the fifth test tube caused the formation of the deep blue Cu(NH3)42+ complex.The new equilibrium was established from the dissociation reaction of Cu(OH)2 and NH3, and the formation of complex Cu(NH3)42+. 1. 0 M Na3PO4 was added to the sixth test tube, and formed a light blu e precipitate. The basic PO3- hydrolyzes to form OH- and HPO42-. The increase in OH- ions caused the system to shift to the left and formed more Cu(OH)2(s). In the seventh test tube, the addition of Cu(NO3)2 caused to form a cloudy turquoise precipitate. The addition of a common ion Cu2+ caused the formation of more solid.The cloudy supernate suggested that the solubility of a slightly soluble ionic compound is get down in the presence of a common ion. In the second part of the experiment, saturated NaCl was put into three test tubes and in each, three different reagents were added. The initial equilibrium reaction was NaCl(s) ? Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq). The addition of 95% ethanol resulted to a clear supernate and very minimal white precipitate. Ionic compounds such a NaCl mellow in polar solvents like ethanol. The addition of concentrated HCl resulted in the formation of more white precipitate, due to the addition of a common ion Cl-.When MgSO4 was added, there was no visible reaction. This is due to the the displacement reaction of the two solids forming aqueous solutions of MgCl2 and Na2SO4. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS A. test tube 1 Cu(OH)2(s) Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Ksp=2. 20x 10-20 K_eq=? Cu? (2+)? ? OH? -? 2 B. test tube 2 Cu(OH)2(s) Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Ksp=2. 20x 10-20 H2C2O4 (aq) HC2O4-(aq) + H+(aq) Ka=6. 510-2 HC2O4-(aq) C2O42-(aq) + H+(aq) Ka=6. 110-5 Cu(OH)2(s) + H2C2O4 (aq) Cu2+(aq) + C2O42-(aq) + 2H2O(l) Keq=8. 2310-26 C. test tube 3 Cu(OH)2(s) Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Ksp=2. 20x 10-20 Cu2+(aq) + Zn(s) Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s) Kredox=3. 461034 Zn2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Zn(OH)2 (aq) Ksp=5. 4351013 Cu(OH)2(s) + Zn(s) Zn(OH)2 (aq) + Cu(s) Keq=4. 1371028 D. test tube 4 Cu(OH)2(s) Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Ksp=2. 20x 10-20 2HNO3(aq) ? 2H+(aq) + 2NO3 (aq) Ka=? Cu(OH)2(s) + 2HNO3 (aq) ? Cu2+(aq) + 2NO3 (aq) + 2H2O(l)Keq=? E. test tube 5 Cu(OH)2(s) Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Ksp=2. 20x 10-20 Cu2+(aq) + 4 NH3(aq) Cu(NH3)42+(aq) Kf=5. 0x1013 Cu(OH)2(s) + 4 NH3(aq) Cu(NH3)42+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Keq=1. 110-6 F. test tube 6 3Cu(OH)2(s) 3Cu2+(aq) + 6OH-(aq) Ksp=1. 0648x 10-59 2H3PO4 (aq) 2H+(aq) + 2H2PO4-(aq) Ksp=5. 62510-5 2H2PO4-(aq) 2H+(aq) + 2HPO42-(aq) Ksp=3. 84410-15 2HPO42-(aq) 2H+(aq) + 2PO43-(aq) Ksp=2. 30410-27 3Cu(OH)2(s) +2H3PO4 (aq) Cu3(PO4)2(s) + 6H2O(l)Keq? 0 A. render tube 1 B. Test tubes 6, 5, 3, and 2 C. Test tube 5 D. Test tubes 7, 6, 4, 3, and 2 E. Test tube 7, and 2 F. Test tube 6, 5, and 3In test tube 1, the addition of ethanol to the solution produced little precipitate. It is because ethanol is capable of hydrogen-bonding with water, thus, depriving the Na+ and Cl- ions of water molecules to hydrate them. On the other hand, adding HCl produced a greater amount of precipitate because it completely ionizes into H+ and Cl- ions. Because Cl- is part of one side of the dissolution process, the equilibrium shifted to the side favoring the reformation of NaCl crystals. Lastly, the addition of MgSO4 does not affect the system because none of its constitu ent ions were present in the equilibrium reaction of NaCl.

Poem of William Caslos William Essay

William Carlos Williams is a pioneer who creates a whole new realm in American poetry. He is regarded as an important and influential poet because of his unique and usually plain style. The poem Poem is one of the most prominent poems reflecting Williams style of writing. In this spot of work, Williams discusses a central contrast between the mortality of life and immortality of graphics through the image of two roses in nature and in poetry. It can be said that life is symbolized by the rose, the central image and also the main theme of Poem.The real rose and unreal one are skilfully used to represent two factors the reality and the art. In nature, a rose which cannot avoid the cycle of time undergoes stages of nature reins. First, it germinates from a seed. Then, it grows up and blooms or blossoms. Next, it fades or discolored. Finally, it dies. The rose fades And is renewed again By its seed naturally (Williams, 1983). The issue of the rose fading show that life, no matter what forms, follows the nature changing rule and eventually fades away.Meanwhile, Williams uses the image of the rose in poem to respect the art because the real rose will fade naturally but the rose of art keeps an ever-lasting peach Save in the poem shall it go to suffer no diminution of its splendor (Williams, 1983). Generally, the whole poem presents the central contrast of nature versus art, closing versus life and cycle of time versus perfection that lasts forever. With respect to the highlighted image of the rose in poetry, it can not be touch but lives forever and cadaver perfect, fresh, young, and beautiful regardless of time.It has the empowerment of splendor, perfection, and immortality. In fact, Williams intention after his words of praising the power of the rose in poem is to advocate the power of art in general. It seems that the poet gives prominence to art whose role is to inspire and guide people through curves of life thanks to its beauty and significance of teaching truth, giving beauty and pleasure, shaping moral characters, showing power of language and showing human experience.

Jk Cement Research Report

Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore PGP Program Term 1, 2012 Final Report for JK cementums Group 2 segment 1 Business Description JK cements is one of the largest cementum manufacturers in Northern India and the eighth largest overall India with net cement gross sales of 2545 crores in 2011-12. Itsmain harvest-feastsinclude grey and white cement. It produced 53. 2 lakh tons of grey cement and 3. 77 lakh tons of white cement in the financial year 201112. Grey cement produced consists of Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and Portland Pozzolana cement (PPC). Their cement crops ar marketed under the brand names J.K. cementum and Sarvashaktiman for OPC products, J. K. Super for PPC products and J. K. White and Camel for white cement products. JK Wall Putty and JK Water proof are its white cement based value-added products. trapping (74%), infrastructure (17%), moneymaking(prenominal) & institutional empyrean (13%) and industrial sector (6%) are the major customers of the cement persistence Refer work out 1. Housing constitutes a major chunk of the motive and hence rural and urban accommodate projects are a key resource generator. signalise stock statistics and revenue/ simoleons data is included in the appendix Refer parrys 1& 2Section 2 Market Profile, Competition, Strategy, Risks A. Market Profile The get for cement mainly depends on the level of teaching and the rate of breakth of the economy. The major subscribe drivers for the cement sector in India are housing, infrastructure and commercial aspect. These are key components of the countrys gross domestic product and hence, the average growth of the cement effort is approximately 1. 2 times the gross domestic product growth. Signifi push asidet impetus to both rural and urban housing as per capita income cast ups in a major driver of the industry.With the increase in national infrastructure investment, the industry is poised to expand further in spite of the widely distributed economic recession. The housing sector contributes around 64% of the total cement conduct. It too accounts for 80% of the total real estate developments in the country. Housing demand is expected to be robust backed by various measures adopted in the budget like continued arouse subvention up to 15 lacs, exemption from service tax for low speak to housing construction, and increase in investment-linked deduction of capital expenditure on low-cost housing from atomic number 6% to 150%.There has been a major push by the government in infrastructure development with the intended investment being US$ 1 jillion in the 12th five year plan period (2012-17), against an investment of US$ 514 billion in the 11th five year plan period. great investment in infrastructure would provide boost to Indian Cement industry. India is the second largest producer and consumer of cement in the world, accounting for 7-8% of the total global outturn with an installed cleverness of over 300 Mtpa at the end of 2011-12. Indias cement industry actualizeed better in 1 011-12, on back of robust demand revival in the second half of the financial year. The industry grew by 6. 4 per cent in 2011-12 as against less than 5 per cent in 2010-11. Total cement sales were 223. 02 MT compared with 209. 5 MT in FY11. For 2012-13, CRISIL Research estimates cement demand to increase 7-8 per cent yoy (Crisil). In the near term, demand could be a little weak because of the lower gross domestic product growth. stipulation that a large part of the demand comes from the housing sector, high interest judge are not conducive to the urban real estate demand. However, in the long term, the industry is expected to grow at an average of 1. times the GDP growth rate. Growth rates of 8-9% can be targeted for the five year period given the increase in investment in infrastructure projects and increase rural demand. Although India is one of the largest cement markets in the world, per capita consumption of cement is still low as compared to the world average as well as that of opposite large countries such as China and US. The Indian cement industry, thus, has a huge growth potential. Given the intense shortage of housing, this segment has been a major growth driver for the cement industry.The demand for residential real estate has but increased, fuelled by increasing urbanization, climb income levels, decreasing household sizes and easy handiness of home loans. Bulk of the total shortage of 74 million units at the end of the 11th Five Year Plan (2007-2012), is expected to be generated by rural and below poverty line households. The government has launched various initiatives such as NREGS and Indira AwasYojana to improve rural income, which may increase demand for rural housing in the country. Increased infrastructure investments by the government as mentioned earlier is also likely to be a major growth area.Housing (74%), infrastructure (17%), commercial & institutional sector (13%) and industrial sector (6%) are the major customers of the cement industry. Housing constitutes a major chunk of the demand and hence rural and urban housing projects are a key resource generator. Overall industry margins and change in sales trends are mentioned in tables at the end. Refer to set back 3 & 4. Please refer to tabulate 5 for a picture of the industry growth rate based on the Free Cash Flow ride where the average P/B was computed with the top 5 firms of the industry and different rates for cost of capital were assumed.This shows that the cement industry is poised for growth for some(prenominal) cost of capital that may prevail. B. Competition Inter firm competition and rivalry in the industry is high. astronomical number of players, intermittent over capableness, marginal product differentiation, high storage cost and high exit barrier in form of significant capital investment has led to high competition in the industry. Threat of new entrants is limited since it involves high capital investment, broad distribution network and oversupplied markets deter new entrants.However, given the high potential for growth, quite a few foreign transnational companies have made acquisitions and increased their stake in domestic companies to gain full control. There are no true(p) substitutes for cement popular in India. However, there are eco friendly substitutes for cement which include fly ash and slag. Fly ash is the by product when ember is burnt to make electric superpower and slag is created when producing iron in blast furnaces. Coal fly ash, blast furnace slag and other mineral admixtures can substitute for cement, aving energy and reducing cost. Bitumen in roads and engineering plastics in building are some element of competition. Currently, the top players UltraTech, ACC, Ambuja Cements, Jaiprakash Associates, India Cements and Shree Cement, collectively control much than half of the cement market in the country. Overall, there are 40 pl ayers in the industry across the country. (Source ibef. org) The closest competitors for JK Cement are Shree Cements, Madras Cements, Birla Corporation and Binani Cement. The industry has a 4-firm concentration ratio of 58. 18%. 2 C. StrategyDespite challenges, JK Cement has increased revenues and wins owing to higher(prenominal) realisation and volumes in both grey cement and white cement business. The company is in on its way to expanding its capacity in India to cater to the increase in cement demand. It has also diversified its product portfolio by not only limiting itself to varieties of grey cement but also extending to white cement and other value added products. Besides, the Company is also mountain up a grey cum white cement plant at Fujairah in UAE to cater to GCC and African markets. The company is making efforts to reduce run expenses which in turn would increase the hard roe.Some of the efforts to reduce operating costs are Grey Cement Implementation of CII Audit fi ndings in phased manner to reduce power consumption. Installation of VFDs in fans to save power. Replacement of booster fans by high efficiency fans to save power. Installation of pfisterpump for coal firing in calciner. Replacement of fresh mill -1 separator by high efficiency separator. Dynamic separator in Coal Mill. White Cement Covered clinker storage quick-wittedness for grey and white clinker. Grinding plant for dolomite for putty product. Installation of new SG Fan & Driver. The company is also making efforts to increase its capacity.The company is revisiting the size of proposed expansion plan at Mangrol, Rajasthan from earlier envisaged 3. 5 Million Tons to around 2. 5 Million Tons, on account of delay in storage allocation of new mining area to the Company. Viability study for 2. 5 Million Tons capacity plant is under preparation and a final decision go out be taken during the course of the year. D. Risks Three most important risks 1. Sustained economic slowd own The growth of cement industry is directly proportional to GDP growth rate. Absence of decision making at Government level is affecting economic growth and may have adverse forcefulness for the cement industry.If measures are not adopted against inflation, high interest rates, depreciating rupee, then it would impact the overall economic growth of the country resulting in dragging the sector down. 2. Unavailability of coal linkages Coal costs constitute 14-23% of cost of production of cement. The hike in coal prices is expected to hit the margins. Due to decreased tally of coal linkers from Coal India over the years the company has to import coal at higher costs from South Africa and Indonesia. The depreciation of the rupee will also add to the increased cost of raw materials. 3.Adverse demand-supply mismatch In case, the additional capacities get commissioned ahead of schedule, then a state of oversupply would rise, thus prices may head downwards and the sector may suffer a severe blow. Section 3 3 Trend Analysis The demand for the cement mainly depends on the rate of growth of infrastructure, housing and commercial construction. In Indian context all these areas have been experiencing a significant growth as a result of constant growth in our GDP. As a result we can see that overall the total revenues for both the companies have been rising Refer to Figure 2.JK Cement and Madras Cements basically cater to northern and southern India respectively. In year 2011, there is a dip in the total revenues of Madras Cement. This was result of a more acute fall in the capacity utilization observed in southern India due to low demands because of political instability in Andhra Pradesh and negligible pick-up in demand in Tamil Nadu and Kerala post elections. The two industries exhibit comparable trend as far as profit margins are bear on Refer to Figure 4. So, an overall analysis of cement industry in this period is required.In 2008, the dip can be attributed to reduced demands due to global recession, which reduced capacity utilization thus reducing profits. In 2011, there was marginally poor off take in cement demand due to passive construction activity, which lead to excess supply and utilisation fell to a 13-year low of 83. 9% for 2010-11. This has been coupled with rise in input costs, especially prices of coal and crude oil products. As a result, both the top line and bottom line have been affected. Hence this year the capacity utilization increased and the demand dropped. Section 4 ratio Analysis Refer Table 6 . Return on Equity Refer Fig. 5 ROE has been hovering around 17-20% throughout with some years seeing slight changes. Given that Index of Industrial Production(IIP) grew only by around 2. 8%, it appears that JK and Madras have both done well. However, 2010-11 was a bad year for JK Cements. Their profit run meshwork plummeted by 39% when compared to the previous year while the same for Madras Cement was only around 27%. Th is was mainly on account of reduction in sales realisation and substantial increase in the prices of petcoke and fuel resulting in higher input costs (Annual Report 2010-11).This caused the ROE of JK to fall by close to 600% from the previous year. 2. Basic DuPont Model Analysis Refer Fig. 4,5 and 6 ROE = Asset Turnover * Profit Margin Asset Turnover of JK is consistently higher when compared with Madras Cements 42. 46% higher in 2006-07 while this is 39. 87% in 2012. This is because JKs total fixed assets is lesser than Madras by almost 50% while sales of Madras Cements is higher only by around 2025% on an average . However, the low profit margin throughout has been causing the Return on Equity of JK to be lower than that of Madras Cements.The profit margin has been very low in all the years from with the worst hit being in 2011 reason explained in step 1. Also the assoil Financial Rate has dinted the net profit due to expansion efforts coupled with the dim outlook in the indu stry. A ray of hope for JK would be to perform product differentiation with the white cement wall putty market it has done right by expanding the white cement units in overseas the demand for interior and decor is articled to increase in the near future. 4 3. Advanced DuPont Model Analysis with RNOA & Leverage Refer Fig. & 12 It can be seen that the Operating gap of JK is going negative for 2010-11 & 2011-12 showing that their Financial Rate is on the rise which is due to debts from increased expansion plans. This, along with the increased leverage from high borrowing, has reduced the already low RNOA to yield a poor ROE value. In the same while, for Madras Cements the spread has been supportive in fact, it has never gone negative for them, condescension their large debt. Madras Cements has been affected only by the overall increase in costs in the cement industry and not by the leverage effect which JK has suffered from.The leverage effect has beaten JK again in 2011-12 t hough their RNOA has increased by 177% from the previous year and long-term debt has actually reduced, the Interest Rates on loans have seem to have gone up leading to a 117% increase in the NFR. Thus the negative operating spread has again caused JKs ROE to fall below the RNOA Madras Cements has remained stable in this period registering a higher ROE than RNOA due to the positive spread. Again, this shows that Operating Margin of JK is low when compared with the cost of capital. 4. Analysis of Turnover ratios Refer Fig. 9 & 0 Inventory Turnover and Debt Turnover of JK is considerably higher than that of Madras Cements leading to a better operating cycle. Low inventory guardianship and low receivables isa positive trend for JK Cements and it should continue this. 5. Analysis of Liquidity and Long-term Solvency Refer Fig. 8,11 The Quick Ratio of JK is consistently higher than Madras Cements for all the 5 years taken into consideration hence the liquidity position of JK is bette r than that of Madras Cements. The capital structure seems more of debt financing in the recent years owing to expansion plans.However increase in interest rates would make JK vulnerable to low margins which is already discussed in the advanced model. Section 5 Conclusion The cement industry is estimated to grow as can be seen from the CRISIL analysis quoted in section 1 housing and infrastructure demand are expected to increase hence JK is bound to do well The cost reducing efforts of JK and the product differentiation into white cement are expected to increase profit margins. The Asset Turnover determine of JK are also higher than its competitor. Hence increase in ROE is expected in coming years.The reduced operating cycle of JK shows a positive trend vis-a-vis its competitor. P/B value of JK is 1. 18 while industry average (top 5 firms) is 2. 76 (refer to table on Growth of Cement Industry). Hence JK stock seems to be undervalued Refer Table 5 JK has declared 50% dividend for the current year and has consistently declared dividend for the past 5 years. However, the inherent risks in the industry from global crises like the Euro crisis and flagging coal availability pose concerns for the successful implementation of plans.Further, the continuous expansion plans of JK leading to higher debt and hence higher interest rates (which can rise based on RBI measures to contain inflation) cause concern for the profit margins which can again reduce. The positives seem to be potent as JK is trying to stabilize its expansion plans. Hence an acute negative view point would not be correct. Hence we suggest a grease ones palms/hold after doing the above analysis. 5 References Crisil. (n. d. ). Retrieved alarming 21, 2012, from Crisil net site crisilresearch. com Dion Insight. (n. d. ). Retrieved August 21, 2012, from Dion Insight Web site https//insight. ionglobal. in/Insight/Industry. asp? pageLink=IndProfile&Ind=151 equitymaster. com. (n. d. ). Retrieved August 21, 2012, from equitymaster. com http//www. equitymaster. com/research-it/sector-info/cement/Cement-Sector-AnalysisReport. asp Gupta, N. (n. d. ). Ernst & Young. Retrieved August 21, 2012, from Ernst & Young Web site http//www. ey. com/Publication/vwLUAssets/cementing_growth/$FILE/cementing_growth. pdf India Brand Equity Foundation. (n. d. ). Retrieved August 21, 2012, from India Brand Equity Foundation Web site http//www. ibef. org/industry/cement. aspx Jagdesh Sunku. 2006). Advantages of using fly ash as supplementary cementing material (SCM) in fibre cement sheets. 10th Int. Inorganic Bonded Fibre Composites Conference, (pp. 25-32). Sao Paulo. JK Cement Annual Report 2010-11 & 2011-12. JK Cement. moneycontrol. com. (n. d. ). PlanningCommision. (n. d. ). Planning Commission. Retrieved August 21, 2012, from Planning Commission Web site http//planningcommission. nic. in/plans/mta/11th_mta/chapterwise/chap14_invest. pdf 6 Appendix A Division Figure 1 Division of customer s of cement industry into major sectors Major Major customers of cement industryCommercial & Institutional 13% Industrial 6% Infrastructure Infrastructure 17% Housing 64% Figure 2 Total revenue for JK Cement & Madras Cements Ltd. (Revenue in crores)(Before 2005 financial financial statements for JK Cement wasnt prepared. It was then treated as a division under JK Groups for financial purposes) Total revenue 3,500. 00 3,000. 00 2,500. 00 2,000. 00 1,500. 00 JK Cement Madras Cements Ltd. 1,000. 00 500. 00 0. 00 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 7 Figure 3 Change in sales % change in sales 60 50 JK Cement Madras Cements Ltd. 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 2003 2004 005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Figure 4 Profit Margin Profit margin 25. 0% JK Cement Madras Cements Ltd. 20. 0% 15. 0% 10. 0% 5. 0% 0. 0% 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Figure 5 Return on Equity ROE (%) 60 JK Cement 50 Madras Cements Ltd. 40 30 20 10 0 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 8 Figure 6 Asset turnover Asset turnover (%) 110 JK Cement carbon Madras Cements Ltd. 90 80 70 60 50 40 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Figure 7 Return on Net Operating Assets RNOA (%) 40 JK Cement Madras Cements Ltd. 30 20 10 0 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12Figure 8 Debt Equity Ratio Debt Equity Ratio 2. 5 JK Cement Madras Cements Ltd. 2 1. 5 1 0. 5 0 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 9 Figure 9 Spread Operating Spread 0. 5 JK Cement 0. 4 Madras Cements Ltd. 0. 3 0. 2 0. 1 0 -0. 1 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2010-11 2011-12 -0. 2 Figure 10 Holding period Operating Cycle (days) 120 JK Cement Madras Cements Ltd. 100 80 60 40 20 0 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Figure 11 Quick ratio Quick Ratio 2 JK Cement Madras Cements Ltd. 1. 5 1 0. 5 0 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 10 Figure 12 Net Financial Rate NFR 0. 18 JK Cement 0. 6 Madras Cements Ltd. 0. 14 0. 12 0. 1 0. 08 0. 06 0. 04 0. 02 0 2010-11 2011-12 11 Appendix B (Tables) Table 1 Key stock statistics Stock Report 24 July 2012 Symbol JKCEMENT (NSE) JKCEM (BSE) ISIN NUMBER INE823G01014 J K Cements Stock Price (closing) Investment Style 213. 30 (as of 20 July 2012) Large CAP Sector Cement Summary JK Cements is one of the largest cement manufacturers in Northern India it is the second largest white cement manufacturer by production capacity in India Key Stock Statistics 52 Wk Range 95. 80 to 219. 70 (BSE) 25. 36 8. 41 11,839 EPS (Twelve Month Trailing)P/E (Twelve Month Trailing) 10K investment 5 yrs agone Credit Rating Long Term Bank facilities Short Term Bank facilities Common shares outstg. 69927250 Market Cap Yield (%) Dividend rate per share 1491. 55 Crores 2. 34 5 A+(CARE) A1+(CARE) Table 2 Earnings per Share Earnings Per Share of 10 each ( ) June Q1 September Q2 2011-12 7. 14 0. 51 2010-11 4. 22 -2. 98 2009-10 10. 04 9. 35 regretsember Q3 6. 22 0. 26 6. 65 attest Q4 11. 49 7. 66 6. 28 Year 25. 36 9. 16 32. 32 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Table 3 Industry Margins OPM(%) GPM (%) NPM (%) Mar 12 21. 78 21. 49 9. 14 Dec 11 19. 65 18. 45 10. 13 Industry MarginsSep 11 15. 66 13. 6 5. 05 Jun 11 24. 41 22. 48 11. 76 Mar 11 22. 46 20. 9 11. 92 Dec 10 17. 18 15. 32 5. 84 12 Table 4 Industry sales Mar 12 Industry sales (in crores) % change Change in industry sales (quarter)(%) Dec 11 Sep 11 Jun 11 Mar 11 Dec 10 20841. 87 17953. 16 15649. 20 17017. 73 17388. 15 14201. 79 16. 09026 14. 72254 -8. 04179 -2. 1303 22. 43633 Table 5 Industry Growth Projections (for different values of r) using Free Cash Flow Model Company Name Ultratech Ambuja ACC Shree Cements Madras Cements India Cements JK Cement bonnie P/B ratio as on 26/08/2012 3. 66 3. 64 . 5 4. 55 2. 19 0. 68 1. 14 2. 765714286 ROE (from March 2012 BS) Cost of Capital (%) Growth (%) 19. 02 15. 28 18. 42 10. 55 18. 78 7. 21 13. 75 14. 71571429 10 11 12 13 14 7. 329288 8. 895631 10. 46197 12. 02832 13. 59466 Table 6 Ratio Calculations Ratios Profit Margin (%) Asset Turnover (%) ROE (%) Return on Assets (%) N et Operating Profit Margin (%) Net Operating Asset Turnover (%) Return on Net Operating Assets (%) = NOPAT/Avg. Net Operating Assets JK Cement Madras Cement JK Cement Madras Cement JK Cement Madras Cement JK Cement Madras Cement JK Cement Madras Cement JK Cement Madras CementJK Cement 2011-12 8. 154156 12. 06512 77. 80004 55. 62438 17. 04343 20. 87036 6. 343937 6. 711146 10. 83703 15. 17511 139. 8798 83. 81691 15. 15882 2010-11 1. 654139 7. 964254 79. 85371 47. 82047 3. 49563 12. 67786 1. 320891 3. 808544 4. 320325 11. 0728 126. 2029 68. 65512 5. 452374 2009-10 10. 84236 12. 59667 88. 57764 56. 65368 22. 29768 25. 09332 9. 60391 7. 136478 12. 51604 16. 10394 160. 5309 81. 84813 20. 09211 2008-09 8. 421552 14. 40591 94. 35595 63. 17162 16. 78291 32. 91344 7. 946235 9. 100446 10. 11265 17. 00776 212. 7993 93. 59998 21. 51965 2007-08 16. 62175 20. 30998 107. 4567 75. 2185 41. 51821 50. 27496 17. 86118 15. 31816 17. 88877 21. 64552 209. 9905 128. 6868 37. 5647 Madras Cement 12. 71931 7. 602044 13. 18078 15. 91926 27. 85493 13 Interest Coverage (%) Leverage Measure 1 Debt-Equity Ratio Current Ratio Quick Ratio Debt Turnover Debt Collection Period (days) Inventory Turnover Inventory Holding Period (days) Operating Cycle (days) NFO NFE NFR Op. Spread FLEV*Spread ROE = RNOA + FLEV*Spread (Advanced Dupont Analysis) JK Cement Madras Cement JK Cement Madras Cement JK Cement Madras Cement JK Cement Madras Cement JK Cement Madras Cement JK Cement Madras CementJK Cement Madras Cement JK Cement Madras Cement JK Cement Madras Cement JK Cement Madras Cement JK Cement Madras Cement JK Cement Madras Cement JK Cement Madras Cement JK Cement Madras Cement JK Cement Madras Cement JK Cement Madras Cement 392. 0551 615. 8751 2. 686571 3. 109805 0. 837413 1. 030999 1. 197299 0. 601965 0. 833253 0. 343679 35. 22924 16. 62681 10. 21879 21. 65177 5. 924257 5. 223089 60. 76712 68. 92473 70. 9859 90. 57651 401. 46 1719. 03 68. 278 101. 808 0. 170074 0. 059224 -0. 01849 0. 067969 -0. 01548 0. 070076 13. 61077 19. 72691 254. 5852 468. 6705 2. 646419 3. 328794 1. 150731 . 609198 1. 367937 0. 931981 0. 916991 0. 599238 33. 11155 15. 49891 10. 87234 23. 22745 7. 497843 4. 941565 48. 01381 72. 85141 58. 88615 96. 07886 802. 04 2307. 32 62. 958 81. 466 0. 078497 0. 035308 -0. 02397 0. 040713 -0. 02759 0. 065515 2. 693658 14. 15354 666. 585 579. 4166 2. 321729 3. 516204 0. 939762 1. 647142 1. 144753 1. 00381 0. 764784 0. 639154 30. 43733 22. 88671 11. 82758 15. 72965 8. 619538 5. 233222 41. 76558 68. 79127 53. 59316 84. 52092 705. 23 2034. 43 34. 363 98. 455 0. 048726 0. 048394 0. 152195 0. 083413 0. 143027 0. 137394 34. 39482 26. 92014 619. 7696 717. 6917 2. 112058 . 616684 0. 580401 1. 954809 1. 968687 0. 982285 1. 675142 0. 628742 30. 17987 33. 40915 11. 92848 10. 77549 10. 69177 6. 127751 33. 67075 58. 74912 45. 59923 69. 52461 -143. 99 2006. 67 28. 147 65. 807 -0. 19548 0. 032794 0. 410675 0. 126398 0. 238356 0. 247085 45. 35528 40. 62774 851. 7743 1451. 897 2. 324494 3. 28205 0. 626681 1. 714777 1. 762163 1. 019801 1. 467784 0. 702189 26. 72182 31. 59228 13. 47214 11. 39519 10. 49671 6. 782897 34. 29647 53. 07467 47. 76861 64. 46986 37. 91 1183. 64 20. 216 26. 782 0. 533263 0. 022627 -0. 15762 0. 255922 -0. 09877 0. 43885 27. 68721 71. 73993 14

BPL Rise N Fall Down

BPL has a pioneering legacy in Indian electronic industry. In 1963, BPL came into being in collaboration with the erstwhile British Physical Laboratories, UK, to manufacture hermetically sealed panel meters. It was a small beginning. In a few years BPL ventured into medical electronics and then test & touchstone instruments. In 1968 BPL introduced Indias Indigenously built first ECG machine the Cardiart T108. It instilled confidence that with ingenuity and commitment we can match the best in the world. It showed the expression for bigger things to come.In the 1970s, BPL began catering to national power grids with Power-line Carrier Communication systems. In the first two decades of its existence BPL was a brand built on its technological strength in professional electronic products. In the 1980s, BPL forayed into consumer electronics. Soon BPL became a trusted household brand reputed for its wide range of reliable products that include entertainment and leisure products such as co lour TVs, music systems and video players, and home appliances such as refrigerators, washing machines and microwave ovens.Meanwhile, extending its expertise into telecom, BPL started making EPBAX and environ instruments. In the 1990s BPL expanded its footprint to include mobile telephony services with BPL Mobile. The company also started manufacture of alkaline batteries and indigenous manufacture of cathode-ray tube for TVs. With dogged commitment BPL became recognized as the market benchmark for new age technology and digital concepts, superior product quality, and easily accessible service. This ensured trustworthy customers and nationwide acclaim in the industry.BPL carved itself a place in over 20 million homes and hearts. Looking at the future BPL will accomplish a sustainable difference in peoples lives, be it with affordable yet reliable LED lighting system for homes at the bottom of the pyramid, with medical equipment for growth need for primary healthcare or by makin g life enjoyable and safe with lifestyle enhancement products. Fall of bpl Sanyo was surprised BPL was not quest the kits like every other company, but was asking for transfer of technology to fully manufacture TVs in India, Nambiar said in an email to Mint.That was a elevated task considering India had practically no local vendors to supply most of the components needed to make colour TVs, which was something BPL set out to do. But the entry of LG and Samsung meant serious competition. The Koreans, with their relentless focus on customizing products for the local market, cost-cutting and global volumes had a huge edge, said a former BPL group senior executive who did not want to be identified. Why, the Koreans have even dethroned the Japanese globally. Today, Samsung which initially copied from Sony, is larger than that firm.

Legal opinion

In the instant case, suspect Panah was convicted in the trial court of murder and he was sentenced to death. His case is right away before us on appeal because of the curb on automatic appeal in case of verdicts of death penalty.In this case, an eight-year-old girl named Nicole Parker was visiting his father, Edward Parker in woods Hills. At 1100 in the morning of the said date, Nicole asked her father for a softball and glove and went outside the flatcar manifold of his father to play. Forty-five proceedings after, Edward looked for Nicole but she is nowhere to be found. Thus, Edward looked for his daughter within the apartment complex to no avail.Edward Parkers failure to find Nicole prompted him to call the legal philosophy. Defendant Panah, the resident of apartment 122, talked to Edward and found out that the latter was looking for his missing daughter. When the police arrived, the defendant insisted that Edward come with him to Ventura Boulevard to look for Nicole, but E dward refused.Thereafter, one of the police was informed that Nicole was prevail seen talking to a man in his 20s who was living in apartment 122. Thus, the said policeman asked for the key to the said room from the manager and searched the apartment complex for Nicole but did not find her. Hours later, the detectives were informed that the defendant attempted to commit suicide and told a friend that he did something really bad that is in alliance with the missing child. This friend told the police, which new information prompted the latter to conduct another warrantless search of apartment 122, wherein they found Nicoles dead body wrapped in a bed sheet and stuffed inside a suitcase.The defendant was charged with murder, and he raised issues as to the illegality of the warrantless searches in his pre-trial motions. However, the trial judge ruled that the warrantless searches were valid, and the defendant was convicted.In this appeal, the defendant again raises the same issues, ar guing that the warrantless search conducted in his apartment unit was a violation of his rights under the fourth part Amendment, and that there were no imperative circumstances warranting a warrantless search.OpinionUnder this jurisdiction, we uphold the right of citizens to be secure in their houses and effects. This security is embodied in the Fourth Amendment to our Constitution and is guaranteed by the rule that searches should be reasonable and supported by a warrant based on a finding of probable cause.The Fourth Amendment statesThe right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but on probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and peculiarly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.Thus, it is clear that as a general rule, a search warrant must be secured by police officers before barging in another mans h ome and searching it for effects. However, this general rule admits of certain exceptions.PrecedentThe case of McDonald v. United States, decided in 1948 (355 U.S. 451, 93 L. Ed 15), explained that tweak situations that serve as compelling reasons may justify the absence of a search warrant.While this case decided in favor of the defendant and emphasized his right to be secure in his house and effects, it provides authority for the other position, that is, that given reasonable justification, the requirement of a search warrant may be dispensed with. However, care must be taken so that it is certain that flagrant circumstances do exist to justify a warrantless search. later on all, it is a fundamental right of all persons to be secure in their houses and effects, and trivial suspicions and the lack of adequate justification should not be an exception to Fourth Amendment rights.In Kirk v. Louisiana (536 U.S. 635), promulgated in 2002, the Supreme Court again ruled that the polic es conduct of warrantless search was illegal, because they did not find exigent circumstances to justify the absence of a warrant. It should be noted that the court only struck down the validity of the search because there was no exigent circumstances to justify the warrantless search.Nexus.These cases are authority to serve as the exact opposite of the case at bar. Here there is clearly an exigent and emergency situation. A child had gone missing, and the police did not know whether the girl was dead or alive. Time was of the essence, and the police had to make an immediate decision as to whether to conduct a search, if they were to save the life of the girl. Thus, in this situation, there is clearly an exigent circumstance justifying a warrantless search, because the life of a young girl is on the line. Moreover, probable cause exists, since even prior to the statement of the defendants friend regarding his confession, the police were able to gather information from other people t hat the dupe was last seen talking to the defendant.Thus, since there was probable cause and exigent circumstances, this case clearly falls within the recognized exceptions to the Fourth Amendment, and the right of the defendant to be secure in his house and effects was not violated.Hence, the evidence derived from such warrantless search is admissible in evidence against him, and could form the basis of his conviction. The decision of the freeze off court is thus, affirmed.

The New Trend on the Rise Is Pop-Up Stores

Pop-up stores newfound horizontalts buzz on the way Heidi Klums old adage that, in fashion, one solar day youre in, and the next day youre out, has seldom been applied to the sell side of shopping until now. The rise of the pop-up shop has emerged as a trend in shopping that, patronage what its premise would suggest, has surprisingly maintained steadfast popularity. After all, fashion is arguably one of the most fickle and volatile industries out there, so it comes as no surprise that the stores that dis influence its wares should come and go in the same manner. WHAT IS A POP STRORE AND WHAT IS IT FOR?Between passage marketing and traditional boutique, for a hardly a(prenominal) days, few weeks, few months, or for an indefinite period, Pop-up stores are ephemeral store custom created for the brand or product showcase. More user-friendly and interactive than traditional stores, these stores play mainly with the atmosphere which must symbolize a product or brand identity. As th e company says, My Pop Up Store, specializing in the institution of ephemeral stores, Pop-up stores enable companies or brands to enjoy a seasonal, celebrate a big event, launch a new product or repositioning.The idea is to play up the world of a product, brand or business (traditional for the upgrade or new to anchor) through the stores decor and activities that are proposed. Finally, like any fad, and as it is comfort an innovative practice in France, launching a pop-up store gives the company the status of a pioneering communication company at the forefront of the trend. It is an important addition for companies whose turn over is related to fashion, new technology or who need to prove they are connected.THE FENOMENOUS Pop-up shops, temporary stores that let sprung up in shopping destinations worldwide, apply a tendency to draw in huge crowds, buzzing with exclusivity and spontaneity. After all, who can deny the inner rose hipster in us just itch for items that only a few thousand will throw away the opportunity to get? Veritably, pop-up stores are glorified One-of-a-Kind Shows, in miniature. A few years ago, when specious real estate was scarce, pop-up stores were a major investment for marketers.Now temporary stores have emerged as a perfect solution for cash-strapped brands, commission-hungry brokers and landlords faced with a glut of commercial-grade real-estate quadriceps. Brands are using these interim spaces as a means to create buzz, test new concepts or even evaluate a new approach or city. While temporary stores first began popping up with some regularity in 2003, sky-high rents and a lack of for sale space do them a massive undertaking for brands. Now, in the midst of the recession, the shops are being viewed as a logical, and even inexpensive, marketing tool.In the past few months, high-end brands including Hermes, Emilio Pucci and La Perla have embraced the pop-up-shop concept, as have Gap, Seven For All Mankind, Daffys and anoth er(prenominal)s. But its not just limited to fashion brands. Furniture designer Kenyan Lewis, wine bar MADCrush, chef tomcat Colicchio, and the reinvigorated Jersey Division of Travel and Tourism have also jumped on the pop-up wagon. Though pop-up retail has established itself in the industry as hip and cool, it creates a frenzied experience and gives new meaning to the term impulse shopping. There is a fine line between exclusive shopping and a hyped-up marketing stunt. Regard little of whether or not the pop-up shop will ever replace shopping at tried and true static outlets, these ad hoc retail facilitys are a mainstay for shopaholics and trend-hunters alike. Opening up a pop-up store can generate a lot of buzz for the brand, said Mike Kraus, retail adviser for AllBusiness. com. In a media marketplace thats fragmented, brands are trying to find interesting ways to reach the public. No matter who opens one and where it opens, media is covering it. Brushfire Marketing, which de parted with the New Jersey Division of Travel and Tourism on the Jersey Shore Store, said the temporary shop garnered nearly $1 million in bring in media. The agency said the store led to 46 broadcast segments and 21 print and online placements. On average, 1,000 visitors passed through the store each week and 500 set ups of corroborative were handed out daily. ONE-ON-ONE MARKETING Its one-on-one marketing, Mr. Leonardi said. In a recession, when marketers are looking for alternatives, they need to ask how can they do something different, something maybe less expensive, something thats not a long-term investment. People familiar with the real-estate business say that, today, landlords are much more likely to entertain temporary tenants. And in umteen cases, rents are significantly cheaper than they were just a year ago. Indeed, brands are finding avail mightiness in major cities such as New York, Boston, Los Angeles, Miami, London, Paris and Hong Kong, as well as smaller towns s uch as East Hampton, New York. The rules of the game have changed, Mr. Kraus said. Brands are finding that they can jump into a space for a few months, and theyre not stuck with having to sign a five-year lease. Faith Hope Consolo, chairman of the retail division at Prudential Douglas Elliman, said landlords are include the shops in part because it keeps activity on the street alive. If a street starts to become quiet, shoppers will move on to other areas and may not return, even when business picks up, she said. Landlords love these shops. It gives them some income while they continue to search for and negotiate with permanent tenants. And in some cases, these temporary stores can become the permanent tenants, she said. Brands bewitch to test retail or a new product line or format at a greatly reduced cost.This is a win-win blank space during a challenging retail conviction. Probably the hardest part of determining what pop-ups mean for regular retailers is the fact that they are so hard to classify anything goes. For instance, sisters Caillianne, Samantha and Chloe Beckerman, designers of the label Beckerman , hosted a pop-up lounge event at Yonge-Dundas Square in Toronto earlier this month. The Summer Lounge is pretty much exactly what it sounds like a chance to imbibe drinks and enjoy music while perusing a curated selection of H&Ms upcoming summer collection.Others prefer a smorgasbord of brands not readily available in the country like Sauvage , which opened in Queen Wests Burroughes Building, offering handbags and accessories from labels that have never made their way to Toronto. Weve even seen the emergence of restaurant pop-ups, with celebrity and notable chefs headlining the designers of the foodie world. Its the ultimate way for chefs to boost their personal brands, as young chef Matthew Sullivan did with his pop-up dinner series, Boxed. Even once-a-year-dinner-parties are gaining traction with celebrity chefs, in particular, the banana M afia.If their moniker alone isnt enough to sell you on the concept, these notable Toronto chefs, such as Nick Liu, Robbie Hojilla, Jeff Claudio and more, recently held their inaugural Asian Street Market party, which already has foodies tummies rumbling for next years event. BENEFITS While the lack of long term commitment is most appealing, there are also many other advantages to opening a pop up shop. For starters, its a great way to explore new neighborhoods, cities or even other states in an effort to test new markets for a permanent storefront.Additionally, pop up shops offer multiple vendors a chance to display their products together, creating powerful merchandising opportunities that translate into sales. The benefits for retailers are unequivocal, especially for nonparasitic and lesser known designers. For one, only operating on a temporary basis means not having to fork out the cash for highly sought after real estate in prime shopping areas especially during slow months (because who wants to shop in January and February anyway? ). Its our primal instinct to want the things we cant have.So it goes without saying that spontaneity, united with high-end designers and exclusive collections will have us throwing cash at retailers. For shopping and fashion purists, pop-ups represent the hunt. Theres nothing more satisfying than landing a piece from a designer who may not sell in your city (an all-too-familiar horror in Canada), and to rub elbows with the fashion industrys noteworthy insiders. Its becoming evident that the pop-up shop has to keep up and ransom on the hype and buzz (as well as chaos and frenzy).The products themselves are only the beginning celebrities, exclusive collections, lounges and parties certainly deliver on what they promise. The pop-up might represent a marketing agents wet dream, but were okay with that, since we get to reap the benefits too. TARGETED CONSUMER Pop-up store are particularly segmenting. They are think for parti cular audiences, clearly defined and targeted. This is also the principle and interest of these ephemeral stores address a potential target consumer using the codes it work.As shown by several studies in recent months, the overall consumption (especially with the advent of the net) is currently moving towards a greater segmentation. Brands will increasingly specialize and products covering risk losing market share. In this economic and social individualization of consumption, Pop-up store targeted communities seem to be one appropriate response. In this it seems logical to predict yet beautiful days at this new marketing tool. Five Things to Consider Before Popping Up 1. Do your research.Is the space empty because of a lack of foot traffic in the area or because of some issue with the property? Remember the space is vacant for a reason. 2. Dont scrimp. Even though the space is temporary, you should budget for a defecate out that is in keeping with the brands image. 3. Get creative. As pop-ups become the norm, youll need more effort to attract attention. DJs, freebies, special events, celebrity appearances and contests keep the publicity rolling. 4. Dont counter a profit. Pop-up stores are more about buzz than sales.But the longer a store is open the more likely youll be profitable. 5. Take a chance. analyze a new neighborhood, a new design, a new product, a new marketing tack. If it doesnt work, its only temporary. Thats the beauty of a pop-up. EXEMPLES OF POP-UP STORE NICOLA FORMICHETTI The fashion range of a function Nicola Formichetti has created its own brand of haute couture. To inaugurate the launch of the brand, it was also decided to create a pop-up store named Nicolas where he will present a retrospective of his work with his new creations to highlight its style, anchoring his mark an artistic universe.For the event, Nicola Formichetti took to his blog, tumblr , and twitter account, an announcement of a contest to collaborate with him in the const ruction of it. The announcement brought architects and construction companies from all over the world, to present their ideas to the unorthodox Formichetti. Designer for Mugler, stylist for Lady GaGa and creative director for Uniqlo, MAC, Vogue Japan and V Magazine, Nicola Formichetti is unstoppable. Coinciding with fashion week, this new installation is only viewable for 2 weeks and is intended to fuse fashion and architecture to create a new creative space.Gage/Clemenceau Architects, the winners from the BOFFO contest, a non profit organization that nonionized the contest for the temporary installation. The duo of architects has been working closely with Nicola, who decided them as winners, just by looking at the first page of their proposal. HERMES For the first time since its inception in 1837, Hermes have opened in May 14th 2012 its ephemeral boutique rue de Sevres in Paris. It is located in the same street as the main store. The pop up store, designed by Stephane Parmentier, is dedicated to Women shoes.You can discover the exclusive shoes collection Spring-Summer 2012 and the upcoming Fall-Winter 2012/2013, designed by the creative director of the brand Pierre Hardy. This uncluttered space to house code 2012 evokes the theme the time ahead. The shop now host the new Hermes Chinese brand Shang Xia. LOUIS VUITTON For the launch of a capsule collection Louis Vuitton x Yayoi Kusama, Louis Vuitton rolls out seven pop-up shops worldwile. The pop-up outlets opened for one to two months, offering a range of spotty trench coats, handbags, and other accessories created with the artist for Louis Vuitton.The European branches had also exclusively offer tentacle-festooned handbags two months ahead of their scheduled launch date. Louis Vuitton creative director Marc Jacobs must have been so taken with Kusama when she presented him with a customized a Louis Vuitton Ellipse bag during his first visit to her studio in 2006 that she should get special treatment. Out of the three other artists Stephen Sprouse, Takashi Murakami, and Richard Prince Jacobs selected to partner with the brand, Kusama is the only one to have multiple pop-up shops in her lines honor.GUERLAIN Prelude to expansion work of the 68 avenue Champs Elysees, Guerlain opened his own pop-up store, avant-garde space and interactive animation for several workshops in connection with home products. Aesthetics and mischievous daring decoration translate the codes and symbols emblematic of Guerlain in an atmosphere of total modernity. The decoration was designed by Patricia GROSDEMANGE, House Architect, in collaboration with artists and designers such as Nathalie Auzepy Catherine Square and Maryse Dugois-Guillope.Each symbol (filter perfumers, honeycomb, flasks) was diverted to illustrate the ability of Guerlain maintain its history and tradition in the heart of the image while updating. A decoration which also democratize the brand prestige giving it a quirky and fun character. And t he concept of pop-up store is extended into the workshops. At the entrance, the Art Box makes a point on Guerlain actuality and the newness. The Perfumers Workshop decorated with cones, bottles and raw materials, unveils Thierry Wassers creations, the nose of the house. Visitors can even consult an expert to help them choose the fragrance that suits them.

Volunteer work

For example, legion(predicate) amply condition and college students in the United States often spend many hours as volunteers in hospitals, orphanages or homes for the aged. They read books to the people in these places. somewhattimes the students Just visit them, play games with them or listen to their problems. other(a) young volunteers work in the homes of sick or old people. They clean up their houses, do their shop or mow their lawns.For boys ho no longer have fathers, there Is a voluntary fundamental law called Big Brothers. College students take these boys to baseball games and help them to get to know things that boys usually learn from their fathers. Some high school students take part In helping disadvantaged or handicapped children. They give take and comfort to them and help them to overcome their difficulties. Young college and university students participate In helping the people who have suffered badly In wars or natural disasters.During summer vacations, they volunteer to work In remote or mountainous areas to provide education for children. Each city has a number of clubs where boys and girls can go to play games. Some of these clubs organize short trips to the mountains, beaches or other places of interest. Most of these clubs use a lot of high school and college students as volunteers because they are young enough to understand the problems of younger boys and girls. Volunteers believe that some of the happiest people in the world are those who help to bring happiness to others.

Incomplete

Froes explains that the iodin Lesson of stock is that, Wealth is created when assets move from lower to higher(prenominal)-valued delectations. (p. 12) Froes goes on to spend most of the chapter talking about how receipts destroys wealth and that regimen subsidies (and all government spending is a subsist) also destroys wealth. Apply Frosts peerless lesson of rail line to a specific government tax-and- spend decision that you support or else use the one lesson of furrow to explain why you ar an anarchist.AY) If you argon not an anarchist, then explain how the government creates wealth by axing-and-spending to produce some program somewhere that you support. Why do you think that the tax dollars are damage less to taxpayers than the value of the government program you selected? This provoket be a zero-sum game that happens to benefit you personally. The One Lesson of Business is about wealth creation. For example, I cant simply defend Medicare because I like that it pays for my m opposites healthcare. That doesnt explain whether Medicare creates wealth.I would need to unloosen whether Medicares total benefits to society are greater than its approach to society. If government doesnt create value somewhere, then we would be better off without it and we should be anarchists. AY) If you are an anarchist, then explain why all taxation and government spending (subsidies) should be eliminated. In particular, you should take on the biggest spending programs of government defense, healthcare (mostly Medicare), pensions (mostly Social Security), and education.These programs deem for over 2/3 of total government spending (including state and local government), so if you are an anarchist, you should focus on where most of the money goes. . Froes says that businesses that are less bureaucratic and more free- market place will be more successful. For example, on page 16, Froes says that, Organizations impose taxes, subsidies, and price controls inside their co mpanies that lead to unprofitable decisions. Pick one of the following questions and indicate whether you feel chosen to address X or Y X) How do corporations and other organizations tax the individuals, divisions, and/pr departments within the organization? Give a specific example. Do not use any government mandated taxes as your example. Would the organization be better off if it completely avoided the kind of taxation in your example? Y) How do organizations impose price controls? Give an example where a bureaucrat (manager) imposes a price control (a pre-determined, stiff price) upon the people in the organization.Explain whether it is better to eliminate this particular price control. 7. Suppose you have capital that is currently worth $1,000 and your cost of capital (WAC) is 10%/ class. How much operating profit per year would you need to earn to be generating economic value by staying in business according to EVA? 8. deliberate of a pacific example outside of the textbook where someone in an organization (team, school, business, government, etc. ) do a heavy(a) decision and use Frosts rational actor paradigm to diagnose the problem. A) What is the problem (very briefly)? B) What caused the bad decision?C) How could you fix the problem? Could anyone change the organizational structure, information, incentives, (or culture)? How well would your proposed change solve the problem? 9. You travelled to Memphis over the weekend but need to return to work in Columbus early Monday morning. On Sunday afternoon, your flight is postponed until Monday night due to hurricane Eke. Since this is a pleasure trip, you bought a non-refundable ticket for $250. You can noneffervescent get a ticket on a Greyhound bus for $90 and still get fellowship by 6AMA. Under what circumstances should you buy the Greyhound ticket and ride the dog overnight? 0. You are the occupation manager for Widgets, Inc. Current production is 1,000 widgets and all have been ordered by your r egular customers. The auditory sensation rings and a new customer wants to buy 1 more widget and offers you $1,000 if you increase production to 1,001 widgets. Should you accept this offer? Remember that it is often harder to make decisions if you Just try o estimate the cost than if you figure out the total profit. You do not need to know what the other customers paid. Below are your average total cost which is the total cost divided by the quantity of widgets.Quantity Average essence Cost Current Production 1 ,oho $200 Make One More? 1,001 $201 A) What is the marginal tax of selling one more? B) What is the total cost currently (selling 1000 unit of measurements) C) What would the total cost be if you sell 1001 units? D) What is the marginal cost of producing the 1st widget? E) What do you tell the new customer? 11. A) Your blotto received an REP (request for proposal) on a wire harness from GM hat will acquire an enthronization with fixed costs of $1 million and a constant marginal cost per unit of $1 with expected sales of 1 million units.What is the break-even price per unit that you will need to restate in order to avoid losing money? B) GM agrees to the price you quoted, and then hands you with a shoot round (purchase order) for 0. 5 million units, what do you say? Why? 12. You have fixed costs of $100/year, and you can produce and sell 100 units per year but you sell a commodity, so you are at the mercy of the going market price and you cannot raise your price above whatever price the market is currently at. Your marginal cost is $5. If the market price declines, what is your break-even price below which you will shut down?Note that there are two different answers for two different possible scenarios. Give both possible answers for full credit. Dont worry about the opportunity cost of capital (WAC). Assume that that is included within the fixed cost figure. 13. Suppose there are two technologies for producing pizzas in Macaque. The solar oven requires $100 in fixed costs, but $9 in marginal costs versus the electric oven which requires $50 in fixed costs but $10 in marginal costs due to the high cost f electricity.What quantity of production will make you indifferent between the two different technologies? This is useful because in making capital expenditure decisions there is often this tradeoff and finding the break-even quantity helps strategies about which investment will be most profitable. The idea is that for small quantities one technology will have higher total costs and for large quantities the other technology will have higher total costs. Your bloodline is to see what quantity makes you indifferent between the two technologies because they have the same total cost.

Into the Wild/as You Like It

Texts whitethorn show us that a sense of be can emerge from connections made with people, places and the larger world. To what result do the texts you have studied support this idea? Happiness is only real if shared. This insightful quote from Sean Penns 2007 film Into the daft shows that any sense of belong must wax finished connection we make with others and the wider world. Shakespeares dawdle As You Like It also demonstrates this, and shows that be is a inseparable instinct and one fundamental to a meaningful life.The setting of As You Like It plays a crucial role in shaping the idea of be in the play. Like the typical pastoral, the beginning of the play is set in court, a place established as a hub of corruption and political tension. Orlandos house is described as a butchery as his brother plots to kill him, Rosalind is banishd, and Duke Senior calls courtly life purposeicoloured pomp. The combination of images suggests estrangement and non belonging. By argument, Arden is a free, untainted setting where characters are able to develop relationships without conforming to rigid social constraints.Also, the transition from the last density of formal verse in the opening scenes to the more frequent use of prose, signifying acceptance and familiarity, towards the fetch up reinforces this transition from tension and not belonging to unity. This harmonious shutting is epitomized in the final scene in which these eighttake hands. That the characters do form relationships there in which they belong is a sack indication that belonging is an innate develop of the human condition. In essence, by means of the natural setting of the play, Shakespeare emphasises that belonging is a natural state of humanity.Similarly, Into the Wild contains pastoral elements that contribute to belonging in the film. Like the painted pomp of the court in As You Like It, Penn portrays society as oppressive, employing dark metaphors of war to reinforce this fence-posts are black sword-tips and red tiles hardened blood. The dinner scene is muted, with the use of shivering hand-held camera emphasizing the tension and estrangement. By contrast, the wilderness acts as a catalyst for belonging in which he realizes the significance of onnections with people to happiness. All scenes of him in the wild are shot in rich natural light, as opposed to the exaggerated florescent lighting used in the civilized scenes. This contrast in lighting suggests that both Arden and the wild are places of healing where characters learn about the nature of belonging and the importance of connections. As You Like It shows that belonging can arise through connections with others. There are umteen ways to be accepted and Shakespeare reflects this in his use of diverse characters.Rosalind takes a more sensible, realistic nestle than Orlando, stating that men have died from time to timebut not for love. Orlando is much more the petrachan l over, vowing to stay and die her slave. Celia and Olivers relationship is a more spontaneous connection, whoever loved that loved not at kickoff sight? whereas Touchstone and Audrey simply see marriage as a natural part of life as the ox has his bow, so wedlock does come nibbling. The contrast between these couples combined with the comedic ending shows that belonging can arise through variety of relationships and connections.The Rainbow Fish similarly demonstrates that belonging can arise from a variety of relationships. The fish depicted in the book are of different shapes and sizes, and are charge joined intermittently by other creatures a starfish, an octopus, a shark, suggesting implying a diversity of connections that can choose to belonging. Also, the Rainbow fishs scales are a combination of all the colours of the other monochromatic fish. finished this Pfiser is implying that we have something in common with everyone, and so connections with others are not limited to a certain type.The correlation be tween connections with people and belonging is perhaps seen most clearly in As You like It through the contrast between Rosalind and Jacques, the brooding melancholic. Shakespeare juxtaposes the two characters to make the point that belonging arises primarily from connections. Where Rosalind has many friends much(prenominal) as her dear coz Celia, Orlando and Touchstone, Jacques is alone and friendless, reveling in his melancholy which he loves better than laughing.He chooses not to belong, symbolized in his refusal to partake in the final dance, despite being beseeched by the Duke to stay, Jacques, stay Where Jacques rejects connections in raise of matter to be heard and learned, Rosalind embraces them, and as a result is the happier, more fulfilled character. Shakespeares use of contrast clearly shows that belonging, and hence happiness, is an intrapersonal phenomenon. In many ways, Chris of Into The Wild mirrors Jacques.He refuses to belong, striving by and by Platonic ideals similarly to how Jacques seeks learning. He explicitly says that rather than lovegive me truth, paralleling Jacques preference for association over belonging. Unlike Jacques however, he regrets his decisions towards the end, seen through the directors use of the diary to become his thoughts. In an extreme close up, he writes lonely slowly and deliberately, and underlines it to highlight the intensity of his feeling of isolation. The euphony is sad and haunting, emphasizing his regret over his alienation.Further to this, the final scene consists of a series of rapid flashbacks depicting characters with which he formed relationships. The voiceover is in second person what if I were smiling and running youre your arms? , with the use of the conditional tense highlighting his regret at his rejection of connections. This use of voice over combined with positive cumulative images ending in a still shot of Chris, suggests that our sense of belonging is important to both happiness and a sense of self. Like Chris, the Rainbow Fish ultimately realizes the value of belonging. ab initio he was a character like Jacques when offered by the others to come join in he would coast past, proud and silent. However, in the end he chooses to share his shimmering scales, a recurring motif symbolising love and friendship. This transition from isolation to belonging is further emphasised by the positioning of the fish in the book. On the first page, he is depicted alone in the centre, with his back to the other fish. As he learns to belong, he begins to turn towards others, eventually ending face to face as he gives away the first scale.His change of attitude is also reflected in the shift in colour scheme, from cooler hues of blue to warmed purples. This suggests happiness and love, again implying that a sense of belonging is vital to happiness. Both As You Like It and Into the Wild show that belonging may, and does, arise out of the connections we make with other people. The se connections are a natural part of the human condition and can take many shapes and forms, but they are essential to happiness as it is a shared phenomenon.

Do People Learn Who They Are Only When They Are Forced

Abraham Lincoln, one of the greatest leaders in American history who has votes himself entirely into the great reformation of the country, was not as dutiful as in his disposal before he become the leader Of United States. During his early flavorlessal career, his opinion on argumentation of slavery had always been neutral in front of public. Nevertheless, he showed his firmness and fortitude on reforming the kindly structure of the country after he had won his election. The difference between early and late politic career of Abraham Lincoln perfectly demonstrate that people need external force to achieve a invigorated level in their career.Another person who depicts brand new self after tremendous action change would be Kimberly Ghana, the Chinese girl from Girl in Translation. In the book, the girl and her family expect immigrated to the great united States. The cruel reality she was living in made her become strong and valiant when facing others who bully and disdain her. D espite all the pressure, she managed to study hard and gained scholarship in new private school. The headmaster admired her resilience and talents. Eventually, the saying chance favors only the prepared mind has turn out on Kimberly. Her outstanding academic impressed Yale University.

Pemphigus Vulgaris

Pemphigus Vulgaris Pemphigus Vulgaris is an autoimmune affection in which there is blistering of the skin. The prefix phemphix comes from the greek work meaning bubble. This disorder affects the epithelial and mucous membranes. Although un presumable, certain medications can cause this disorder. These medications include blood pressure medications and chelating agents. This autoimmune indisposition is especially rare and is limited to older adults to the elderly. A way that you can test for it is by performing a Nikolsky test.This test involves rubbing the patient with a cotton swab and if the skin comes off easily, it is positive. To be completely sure about the diagnosis, a skin lesion biopsy can be performed. Symptoms will most likely skip over with blisters in the mouth or skin. Then these blisters can turn into skin lesions. Lesions are when blisters start to ooze, peel off easily, or drain. The highest likely areas that will be affected are the mouth, head, back, or stomach. treatment for Pemphigus Vulgaris may include many different routes.Depending on the severity of the disease, you may need to be hospitalized for treatment. contingent ways to treat this disease include intravenous solutions that include fluids, electrolytes and proteins, IV feedings in cases where the blisters are predominately on the mouth, numbing agents for the mouth, and some antibiotics may be able to work for this disease. This disease can be lethal if you dont seek treatment. Even if you do seek treatment, the side effects of these treatments can alike be very harsh.Since treatment focuses on the symptoms, this disease is still chronic with treatment. Works Cited Pemphigus Vulgaris MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. internal Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health. Web. 12 Oct. 2010. . Pemphigus Vulgaris EMedicine Dermatology. EMedicine Medical Reference. Web. 12 Oct. 2010. .

Milgram Obedience Review Essay

Obedience is as basic an element in the structure of social life as whizz can point to. few system of authority is a requirement of all communal living, and it is only the person dwelling in isolation who is not forced to respond, with defiance or submission, to the commands of others. For many people, obedience is a deeply intrinsic behavior tendency, indeed a potent impulse overriding training in ethics, sympathy, and moral conduct.The plight inherent in submission to authority is ancient, as old as the story of Abraham, and the question of whether one should obey when commands conflict with conscience has been argued by Plato, dramatized in Antigone, and treated to philosophic analysis in nearly e truly historical epoch. Conservative philosophers argue that the very fabric of society is threatened by disobedience, sequence humanists stress the primacy of the individual conscience.The legal and philosophic aspects of obedience are of enormous import, but they say very little about how most people behave in concrete situations. I set up a simple experiment at Yale University to test how much pain an ordinary citizen would inflict on another person simply because he was ordered to by an experimental scientist. Stark authority was match against the subjects strongest moral imperatives against hurting others, and, with the subjects ears ringing with the screams of the victims, authority won more often than not. The extreme willingness of adults to go to virtually any lengths on the command of an authority constitutes the chief finding of the study and the fact most urgently demanding explanation. This is from perils of obedience by Stanley milgram. I enjoyed this article.